I merely adapted this 3D globe for my own site and added the reference points / slight styling tweaks.
The 3D Globe was initially created by John and Raluca after getting inspired by the Half-Earth Project globe, and this awesome globe and this other awesome globe. John and Raluca used ArcGIS API for JavaScript to create the interactive globe and ArcGIS Pro to create the basemap. Many thanks to Arno Fiva, Christian Iten and Jesse van den Kieboom for the awesome feedback.
Read this blog post to find out how the globe was created. For the curious coders, here is the Github repository.